Technology And The Health Care System - 937 Words

Technology and the health care system is constantly improving every day making patient and health care providers easier to communicate and obtain vital information. One topic that is explained in the following paragraphs is about telemedicine: the date of inception, the history of telemedicine and it’s milestones, the uses of telemedicine, how it is affecting patient care and the potential areas for fraud and abuse. Telemedicine is the use of telecommunication technology to provide medical information and services. The World Health Organization describes Telemedicine as, â€Å"the delivery of health care services, where distance is a critical factor, by all health care professionals using information and communication technologies for the exchange of valid information for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease and injuries, research and evaluation, and for the continuing education of health care providers, all in the interests of advancing the health of individuals an d their communities† (Telemedicine, 2010). â€Å"Telemedicine, in its modern form, started in the 1960s †¦ driven by the military and space technology sectors, as well as a few individuals using readily available commercial equipment† (Telemedicine, 2010). The purpose of telemedicine is to provide support, overcome barriers and the goal is to improve health care results (Telemedicine, 2010). Typically, telemedicine is a two way communication connection tool that provides a nurse or physician to thoroughly seeShow MoreRelatedHealth Information Technology And Health Care System1371 Words   |  6 Pages Health Information Technology Technology and it use is a very powerful key in the health care system. It is so powerful to the point where the health care system cannot function without it. Both hospitals and clinics are depends on it to resolve problems also make life easier for both doctors and nurses. Technology has become the medical field backbone; it is very healthful to everyone in the medical field or the healthcare system such as doctors, nurses, students, professors, and patients. ItRead MoreHealth Care System Advancing With Technology, Customer Service, And Quality Of Care789 Words   |  4 Pagesopinion, I still see our health care system advancing with technology, customer service, and quality of care. There will be an outbreak in technology where doctors can transform the way they diagnose diseases and treat their patients. â€Å"By building a strong backbone of data in your company, you will reinforce your ability to innovate in line with the health care industry (Saxena, 2015).† We will still continue to find ways to reduce the expenses within our health care system. The elderly populationRead MoreEssay on Unit 3 Information Technology and Systems for Health Care660 Words   |  3 PagesInformation Technology and Systems for Health Care Ursula Sheran HI300-01/Unit 3 June 1, 2015 Nakisha Floyd Unit 3 Assignment When the physicians tries to buy the same EHR product as their hospital it’s trying to accomplish how to make process writing order from their practices to the hospital. The physicians would have better access to the information that is needed to monitor the patients. 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The health care system of United States relies on the development and implementation of new health care technology. The use of new technology in the field of health care will help to provide services with increased quality and efficacy (Shi Singh, 2015). The external forces affecting the provision of health care delivery also has an inevitable role in the functioningRead MoreEvolution of Health Care Information1106 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Information Systems HCS 533 January 10, 2011 Evolution of Health Care Information Over the last 20 years dramatic changes have occurred in the health care industry. â€Å"Health care technology has exploded over the last 20 years, not just in the arena of medical diagnosis and treatment, but also in the area of health information and documentation† (The art of patient care, 2008, p. 1). Two Major Events Twenty years ago, Riverview Hospital was limited with technology. The use of

Music And How It Can Heal People - 1632 Words

Music and how it can heal people is becoming a widely global trend. This is due to experts in music that have devoted their time and effort in developing new ways to use their expertise. One of the ways that they have discovered is the use of music as a therapy. Nowadays, Music Therapists have been added as a profession and are now breaking down the walls of silence and affliction of depression anxiety, autism, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson s disease. Music therapy can be define as music performance without the ego. It is not about entertaining people as much as it’s about empathizing people. If an individual is able use music to slip away the past pain and gather insight into the workings of someone else’s mind, it will help and begin and†¦show more content†¦Humans are also known to be the most problematic specie, they worry almost about everything, and some are serious through how their family will eat tomorrow to a not so serious thing like their clothes for tomorrow. These problems are the push factors on why they strive to survive, but, most of the time it s just too much and they reach extreme fatigue in the body and in the mind. Very often words cannot express how they feel any longer and they rely on music to speak for them. For some reason there is this sensation that changes their mood from being happy to sad and vice versa. Music does not only affect the brain but also affect people s lives for when words fail them music speak for them. Music can affect the brain through simply playing instrument or singing an individual will be able to use both right and left hemisphere of the brain. Which can be beneficial in terms of allowing the human brain to work in sync that makes communication of thoughts, information and responses more effortless, efficient, and coherent. Which also enhances an individual’s optimal performance, functioning, and mental and emotional health. In comparison to an unba-lanced brainwave patterns w ith restricted thought processes of a normal person. That enhances a human’s proneness to anxiety, depression, and weakened mental and emotional health (Mitchell, L.

Corporate Law Asic V Adler [2002] Nswsc 171 †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Law Asic V Adler [2002] Nswsc 171. Answer: Facts of the case and inappropriate behaviour of Adler The present case is based on the breach of duties of directors. On June 2000, HIHC provided an unauthorised and unsecured loan of $10 million to Pacific Eagle Equity Pty Ltd (PEE). PEE was a company controlled by Alder, and he was also a non-executive director at the same time. The company was holding an extensive share of HIH due to which the loan received by PEE turn out to be a trustee of AEUT. Subsequently, HIHCs $10 million loans to PEE were applied to HIHCs payment for $10 million worth of AEUT units. With this transaction, in the stock market, PEE bought $4 million worth of HIH share then the shares were sold at a loss of $2 million by PEE. HIH shares were purchased by PEE to give a fake impression to the stock market as the company is successful to HIHs investors (Gullifer and Payne, 2015). Further, PEE bought various unregistered shares worth of $4 million from Alder Corporation. The entire investment was a total loss. Further these all transactions carried out with no appro val of shareholders and also no information or disclosure was provided to the board as well as to the HIH. The loan was provided in an inappropriate manner and securities were also given to the loan so that the HIHS directors couldnt notice it. All of it was held due to Alder. He breached his responsibilities and duties as a director of HIH. It is because he misused his powers for individual benefit by not acting with care and diligence. His decisions were not in good faith due to which losses were faced by shareholders of the company. Contravention by Adler of Australian law According to the section 9, a companys director is termed as an individual who is selected for that position as a director or an optional director. It also considers those persons who are not directors but work as a director by whichever name is given to their position. It is a duty of director that he has to protect shareholder interest from the obligations which they have to bear because of their fault (Austin and Ramsay, 2015). These duties are imposed because shareholders of the company are having the risk of loss that if director use companys assets for their personal use and mismanagement due to incompetent decisions. Moreover, this section also describes the officer of a corporation which normally consists of the company executives who is having the higher position at the board level. These persons are identified for the certain situations and give their opinions and take part in the decision making which is considerable by the company. In the company, if the person is having the authority to give decisions and stands financially for the company so that person is known as a shadow director. According to the case of ASIC v Adler, the decision was held by the court that Adler, HIHS director, he is also an officer of fully owned HIH subsidiary satisfies all the condition of the definition of the director. This is also applied on Adler because he is not a director but he acts as a director of the subsidiary (Hannigan, 2015). Firstly he was acting as a director, and secondly, he was holding the position of the member of HIH investment committee so because of the membership he participated in the decision-making process of the company which affects the company wholly or partly. According to Corporations Act 2001, particularly, section 180 (duty to act with care and diligence), section 181 (obligation to act in good faith), section 182 (duty not to improperly use position) and section 183 (duty for appropriate use of information), the court seized that Alder breached directors duty. Detail description of these sections and link with the case is enumerated as below: Section 180: According to this section, it gives the right to the director to implement their powers and discharge their duties with regular care and diligence. They have to act like a prudent person will do if they are having similar circumstances take place in the office. According to the case of ASIC v Adler, the managing director of HIH and HICH who contravened section 180(1) because he failed to make sure that loan decision is viable prior to declaring it (Harris, Hargovan and Adams, 2013). Fodera, the finance director of HIH, he also breaches this section because he had not discussed the proposal of giving the loan of $10 million loans to PEE with HIH board of investment committee. Section 180(2): This section gives directions to run the company in case if any officer or director makes any rules so that would be held under the legality, the general laws, equal duties of care and diligence, in which all the essential will be shown (Venus, 2016). These elements are to ensure that judgment made by them is proper in good faith and for a proper reason. This will also ensure that no aspect is related to their personal interest in the matter of judgment. In accord with the case of ASIC v Adler, the court had given the order for a sentence of all three directors Adler, Williams, and Fodera because they contravene their statutory duty of care. They made business judgement on the basis of their biased interest. First of all the judgments which are given by Adler are not satisfying as per provisions of cited section. Section 181 This law shows that the directors or officers use their rights and power in good faith of the company and for a proper purpose. If the directors of the company are thinking of their personal interest, then it will result in contravention of the section (Sulaiman and et.al. 2005). By the lieu of this section, it is clearly shown that the Adler had breached this section because the transactions which took place in HIH and PEE were inappropriate as it were taken with the objective of his personal benefit. Section 182 This section states that the employees and officers must not misuse their position and take advantages of their positions in the company for personal benefits. In the case of Adler, he breached the section because he doesn't discuss anything about the investment and invest $10 million in the stock market (Austin and Ramsay, 2015). Due to this transaction, the company PEE bears the loss from reselling the shares of HIH. So, Adler had taken advantages of their position in the company due to which he will be liable for the damages. Section 183 Section 183 states that if a person gets the information and whether they are or not the director of the company, dont have the right to use that information for their personal use. In the case of ASIC v Vizard, the court detained Vizard because he was not the member but he knows all the internal information of the company and use that information for buy and sell the shares as per the Telstra (Hedges and et.al. 2016). This act is considered to be an offence under provisions of insider trading. Similarly, Adler had used the information of the company for his personal benefits, so it shows clearly a contravention of the section. Section 260A According to this section, the company financially appoints a person who acquires the shares of its investment company must behave ethically. The financial assistant is those who buy the share for their company and think of profitability on behalf of the company (Gullifer and Payne, 2015). In the case of ASIC v Adler, he clearly breaks the section to give financial supporter to PEE which used the information to buy the shares of HIH in the stock market. The main purpose behind this is to increase the share price of HIH shares for the benefit of the Adler. Punishment suffered by Adler as a result of this conviction Considered case study clearly shows that Adler breached his duties as a non-executive director of HIH and HIHC as per division 1 part 2D. In the given transactions, it was also found that the trust purchase of the share was unauthorised and unsecured. Further, unlisted technology and internet entities were connected with Adler and loans given as per the trust from other entities were also associated with Adler (Hannigan, 2015). Due to these activities; a compensation order was charged for all the damages and sufferings. With this entire loss has been borne by Alder. As per the s.1317G a pecuniary penalty was ordered for him. Further, Adler was banned from the organisation corporation for certain period of time as given in section 206C. The final judgment made by the court was to ban Alder from the company for 20 years. Apart from this, penalties were also imposed by the court. They were as follows: Adler - $450,000, Adler Corporation - $450,000, Williams - $250,000 and Fodera - $5000. Besides this pay, a total compensation of sum of $7,986,402 was ordered to pay to HIHC by Adler on behalf of Adler Corporation and Williams Lessons Indicated by case study In the case of ASIC V ADLER [2002] NSWSC 171, it was found that Adler contravened the directors duties he didnt exercise his given powers with a standard of care and diligence. He also avoided proper company safeguards and measures (Langford and Ramsay, 2014). Further, he couldnt make the proper use of judgments for the company, and he was making wrong use of judgment for his individual benefit. The details verified that Adlers purpose of the transaction was to hold up the HIH share price. The whole case highlights the perspective of a conflict of interest which takes place in directors who holds shares in an organisation involving the factors that what is best for the company and what interest the individual holds. In the case of dealing with such risks, appropriate measures must be adopted by the entity such as proper information, knowledge, disclosures and communal decision making (Langford, Ramsay and Welsh, 2015). To prevent such acts, an appropriate internal control system is required to be developed by considering all inherent risk factor. In addition to this, the unbiased internal audit committee must be developed by mutual consent of shareholder to monitor the activities of shareholders. In this case; Fodera and Williams were also held to be in breach of the legislative duty of care and diligence. It is because; they were also responsible for the transaction of $10 million. This case fact provides learning that sensibly careful and diligent directors in their situation might have brought the concern previous to the board (Venus, 2016). The court also detailed that no logical director in Adlers position and procuring his knowledge might have begun with PEEs gaining of the three unauthorised technology and communication investments and the three unsecured loans from the AEUT to entities related with Adler. Learning from this case law Present case had provided me in-depth learning regarding responsibilities of director and consequence if they contravene the same. Considered case showcases that Adler had contravened the directors duties as he didnt exercise his given powers with a standard of care and diligence (Barker and et.al. 2016). He recognised that material injustice could be estimated by reference to the net transfer of value if the company diminished its economic resource as a result by making use of insolvency test (Burton v Palmer). Mutually these tests lead to the result that was legal according to s260 (1) (a), as their ultimate purpose was to stabilise the share prices which eventually failed. The share prices diminished significantly. As a result company suffered from a 2 million loss. In accordance with the Burton v Palmer test, financial resources were decreased by the company thus keeping aside the transactions validity Adler states that the rights received are less rather than the price paid for his own benefit. References Books and Journals Austin, P. R., and Ramsay, M. I., 2015. Principles of Corporate Law. Barker, S., Baker-Jones, M., Barton, E. and Fagan, E., 2016. Climate change and the fiduciary duties of pension fund trusteeslessons from the Australian law. Journal of Sustainable Finance Investment, 6(3), pp.211-244. Gullifer, L. and Payne, J., 2015. Corporate finance law: principles and policy. Bloomsbury Publishing. Hannigan, B., 2015. Company law. Oxford University Press Harris, J., Hargovan, A. and Adams, M.A., 2013. Australian corporate law (Vol. 2). LexisNexis Butterworths. Hedges, J. and et.al. 2016. An Empirical Analysis of Public Enforcement of Directors Duties in Australia: Preliminary Findings. Langford, R.T. and Ramsay, I., 2014. Conflicted directors: What is required to avoid a breach of duty?. Langford, R.T., Ramsay, I. and Welsh, M.A., 2015. The origins of company directors' statutory duty of care. Sulaiman, M., Bidin, A., Ramsay, I., Hanrahan, P. and Stapledon, G., 2005. Commercial applications of company law in Malaysia. Commerce Clearing House Sdn Bhd (Wolters Kluwer). Venus, P., 2016. How to avoid disqualification as a director by ASIC. Governance Directions, 68(1), p.28.

Theme And Character Jd Salinger Essay Research free essay sample

Subject And Fictional character: Jd Salinger Essay, Research Paper Subject and Fictional character Since the beginning of clip there have been one million millions of books written. From those books have come novels. From the novels have come chef-doeuvres. From the chef-doeuvres have come critically acclaimed rubrics. From those critically acclaimed rubrics have come classics. Classics represent the highest acknowledged criterion of authorship. The inventiveness of their literary elements is faultless. A authoritative will animate, machination, edify, and more significantly pull the reader into the universe of the writer. J. D. Salinger # 8217 ; s The Catcher In The Rye provides an confidant glance into his life at the clip of the narrative. The narrative portrays Holden Caulfield # 8217 ; s trip to New York for three yearss, entirely, at the age of 16. In kernel, Holden Caulfield is J. D. Salinger whose matchless illustrations of mirrored word picture provide this glimpse. The intent of this paper is to compare and measure literary unfavorable judgments refering to the subject and character of The Catcher In The Rye. We will write a custom essay sample on Theme And Character Jd Salinger Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Of the two literary elements open for unfavorable judgment, subject is the least discussed, but most clearly represented constituent. The critics agree on the individual implicit in subject found in The Catcher In The Rye. First, Mollie Sandock feels that the subject is Holden Caulfield # 8217 ; s coming to footings with his inability to salvage his sister from # 8221 ; # 8216 ; falling over the drop # 8217 ; into the grownup universe, so much of which disgusts him # 8221 ; ( Sandock 621 ) . A 2nd critic provinces that the subject of the novel is Holden # 8217 ; s coming to footings with his inability to salvage all of the kids from toppling over the border ( Gallic 515 ) . For this authoritative, minimum treatment was able to convey the lucidity of the subject for The Catcher In The Rye. The Catcher In The Rye certifies Sandock # 8217 ; s and French # 8217 ; s observations on the subject. Sandock and French are accurate in stating that the subject of the authoritative is Holden Caulfield # 8217 ; s coming to footings with being unable to salvage his sister, Phoebe, or all the kids, from # 8220 ; falling over the cliff. # 8221 ; The base of proof of the subject is, # 8220 ; When I was coming out of the can, right before I got to the door, I sort of passed out. I was lucky, though. I mean I could # 8217 ; ve killed myself when I hit the floor, but all I did was kind of land on my side, It was a amusing thing, though. I felt better after I passed out. I truly did # 8221 ; ( 204 ) . This was Holden # 8217 ; s autumn over the drop. He is evidently unable to catch himself and has now crossed over into the grownup universe. Further confirmation of Holden # 8217 ; s autumn follows when he encounters Phoebe after go forthing the bathroom. Phoebe requests permission to go west with him. With that, Holden grabs Phoebe hard and tells her to close up. In answer, Phoebe tells Holden to close up. An angered Phoebe so runs across the street, go forthing Holden entirely on the other side ( 206-208 ) . The street embodies the separation that has now formed between the kid, Phoebe, and the immature grownup, Holden. The last voucher of the subject is, # 8220 ; All the childs kept seeking to catch for the gold ring, and so was old Phoebe, and I was kind of afraid she # 8217 ; d fall off the goddam Equus caballus, but I didn # 8217 ; Ts say anything or make anything. The thing with childs is, if they want to catch for the gold ring, you have to allow them make it, and non state anything. If they fall off, they fall away, but it # 8217 ; s bad if you say anything to them # 8221 ; ( 211 ) . This is where Holden can be seen talking from a new position. He has become an grownup and now understands that childs must be allowed to hold certain experiences in order to larn. When Holden chooses non to forestall Phoebe from making for the gold ring he has, in consequence, relinquished his desire to be a backstop in the rye. For this ground, Holden # 8217 ; s coming to footings with his inability to salvage all the childs, or even Phoebe, is the subject supported by this authoritative. Fictional character is the major constituent of The Catcher In The Rye. In this instance the critics possess different point of views of Holden Caulfield. First, Thomas Taylor feels that Holden Caulfield # 8217 ; s relation of the narrative brings forth a feeling of him being the lone character nowadays in the novel. Outside facts about Caulfield # 8217 ; s being are non even one time every bit pressing as the complete vision exposed by the character # 8217 ; s personal thoughts about the # 8220 ; phony # 8221 ; planet on which he resides. The recognizable trait of acknowledging shams has earned the character a alone place in authorship ( 260 ) . Second, Sandock observes that Holden senses a # 8220 ; scathing, disking disgust # 8221 ; about the # 8220 ; hypocrites # 8221 ; who seem to do Holden experience that he is being suffocated by them. He is # 8220 ; disgusted with the deficiency of earnestness and the advertizement of hypocrites, hot shootings, dorks, assholes and id iots # 8221 ; less than he is disgusted with the # 8220 ; phoniness that is excellence corrupted # 8221 ; ( 620 ) . Last, Lundquist adds a concluding position of Holden Caulfield by stating, # 8220 ; The manner ( he ) sees the universe is stated in the novel # 8217 ; s most celebrated line, # 8216 ; If you had a million old ages to make it in, you couldn # 8217 ; t rub out even half the # 8220 ; *censored* you # 8221 ; marks in the universe # 8217 ; # 8221 ; ( 519 ) . Therefore it can be seen that Holden Caulfield # 8217 ; s character is the major constituent in The Catcher In The Rye. This authoritative supports Taylor # 8217 ; s, Sandock # 8217 ; s and Lundquists # 8217 ; s perspectives on Holden Caulfield # 8217 ; s character. Taylor # 8217 ; s observation that Holden P ossesses a alone ability to observe # 8220 ; hypocrites # 8221 ; is substantiated in The Catcher In The Rye. In this authoritative Holden Caulfield rapidly discovers that Pencey Prep, the private male child # 8217 ; s school he attends, is bogus. Pencey Prep claims that it molds the young person. However, Holden knows otherwise. # 8220 ; They don # 8217 ; t do any more damn casting at Pencey than they do at any other school, # 8221 ; remarks Caulfield after explicating Pencey # 8217 ; s magazine ads. Pencey # 8217 ; s advertizements featured a # 8220 ; hot-shot cat on a Equus caballus jumping over a fencing. Like as if all you of all time did a Pencey was play polo all the clip. I neer even one time saw a Equus caballus anyplace near the topographic point # 8221 ; ( 2 ) . Another illustration in support of Caulfield # 8217 ; s acknowledgment of # 8220 ; hypocrites # 8221 ; occurs when Holden is at a dark nine. The nine # 8217 ; s piano participant is adding hard forms to his music . Holden can feel that the piano participant has played for so long that the participant does non even cognize when he plays good. When the piano participant concluded his presentation he gave a # 8220 ; really hypocrite, low bow. Like as if he was a helluva low cat, besides being a terrific piano participant. It was really phony-I mean him being such a prig and all # 8221 ; ( 84 ) . Following, the authoritative confirms Sandock # 8217 ; s perspective that Holden feels he is being suffocated by # 8220 ; phonies. # 8221 ; Support for this observation occurs when Holden is on a day of the month with Sally. During his day of the month, a cat tries to steal Sally. # 8220 ; His name was George something-I Don # 8217 ; t even remember-and he went to Andover # 8230 ; .He was the sort of a hypocrite that have to give themselves room when they answer person # 8217 ; s inquiry # 8230 ; .The worst portion was, the dork had one of those really bogus, Ivy League voices, one of those re ally tired, clannish voices. He sounded merely like a miss. He didn # 8217 ; t hesitate to tusk in on my day of the month, the asshole # 8221 ; ( 127-128 ) . Overabundant support of Holden # 8217 ; s asphyxiation by hypocrites is demonstrated when he Tells Phoebe the ground he hates Pencey Prep. The rationalism that Holden gives is that there were so many hypocrites to populate with during the school twelvemonth it had been the worst school he had of all time attended. The # 8220 ; hypocrites # 8221 ; included both pupils and instructors ( 167-168 ) . Finally, The Catcher In The Rye supports Lundquist # 8217 ; s perspective that Holden Caulfield # 8217 ; s position of the universe is found in the authoritative # 8217 ; s most celebrated line, # 8220 ; If you had a million old ages to make it in, you couldn # 8217 ; t rub out even half the # 8216 ; *censored* you # 8217 ; marks in the universe # 8217 ; ( 202 ) . This statement clearly shows that in Holden # 8217 ; s view There is no placid and pleasant topographic point left in the universe. That # 8217 ; s The whole problem. You can # 8217 ; t happen a topographic point that # 8217 ; s nice and peaceable, because there isn # 8217 ; t any. You may believe there is, but one time you get at that place, when you # 8217 ; re non looking, person # 8217 ; ll mouse up and compose # 8220 ; Fuck you # 8221 ; right under your olfactory organ. Try it sometime. I think, even, if I of all time die, and they stick me in a graveyard, and I have a gravestone and all, it # 8217 ; ll say # 8220 ; Holden Caulfield # 8221 ; on it and so what twelvemonth I was born and what twelvemonth I died, and so right under that it # 8217 ; ll say # 8220 ; Fuck you. # 8221 ; I # 8217 ; m positive, in fact ( 204 ) This authoritative thoroughly, corroborates the point of views of Holden Caulfield, the character in The Catcher In The Rye. In decision, the inventiveness of J. D. Salinger # 8217 ; s subject and character in The Catcher In The Rye machinations, enlightens, inspires and draws the reader into the universe of the writer. The individual subject presented requires the reader to believe in order to pull out it from the novel # 8217 ; s many events. The character, Holden Caulfield, is a mirrored projection of J. D. Salinger. Caulfield allows the reader a glance at Salinger # 8217 ; s recluse life. # 8220 ; Every pupil of mine who has read Catcher In The Rye ( which includes those of low, mean, and high intelligence ) has readily identified himself with its hero, Holden Caulfield. They see in him, non the ideal immature adult male, but a immature adult male in hunt of himself, in hunt of his topographic point in the human strategy of things, and in struggle with the narrowness of the society in which he lives. Students come off from the book with a better apprehension of themselves and with a deeper incursion into American life # 8221 ; ( Alley 16-17 ) . If a book is capable of these things, if it has the ability to fascinate, inspire, enlighten, draw the reader into the universe of the writer, supply a glance of a hermit # 8217 ; s life, and unveil a better apprehension of one # 8217 ; s self, the book is no longer entirely a book, a novel, a chef-doeuvre, or a critically acclaimed rubric. It has earned the award and prestigiousness of being labeled a authoritative. Alley, Alvin D. # 8220 ; Alvin D. Alley. # 8221 ; Holden Caulfield. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1990. Gallic, Warren. # 8220 ; The Catcher In The Rye. # 8221 ; Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 12. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1980. Lundquist, James. # 8220 ; The Catcher In The Rye. # 8221 ; Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 12. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. Detroit: Gale Research Compaby. 1980. Salinger, J. D. The Catcher In The Rye. New York: Bantam Books, Inc. , 1986. Sandock, Mollie. # 8220 ; Catcher In The Rye. # 8221 ; Reference to American Literature. Ed. D.L. Kerkpatrick. 2nd erectile dysfunction. Chicago: St. James Press, 1982. Taylor, Thomas J. # 8220 ; The Catcher In The Rye # 8221 ; American Fiction Series. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Englewood Cliffs: Salem Press, 1986.